يعد تركز النباتات الخضراء مؤشر جيد لتوزيع المخلوقات على سطح الأرض. تركيب ضوئي

Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics Temporal turnover and the maintenance of diversity in ecological assemblages
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Deme A group of individuals more genetically similar to each other than to other individuals, usually with some degree of spatial isolation as well

Pictured are different seral stages in forested ecosystems starting from pioneers colonizing a disturbed site and maturing in leading to.

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علم البيئة
Population A group of conspecific individuals that is demographically, genetically, or spatially disjunct from other groups of individuals
علم البيئة
Butti and Perlin 1981 , p
طاقة شمسية
An Introduction to Ecological Economics e-book
Population A group of conspecific individuals that is demographically, genetically, or spatially disjunct from other groups of individuals Hosted by Estrella Mountain Community College, Avondale, Arizona• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
EAWAG The Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology Canadian Society for Ecology and Evolution• Butti and Perlin 1981, p

Subpopulation An arbitrary spatially delimited subset of individuals from within a population as defined above.

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تركيب ضوئي
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
علم البيئة
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365 1558 :3611-3620• High School GCSE, Alevel Ecology• Metapopulation A set of spatially disjunct populations, among which there is some immigration
تركيب ضوئي
List of scientific journals related to Ecology• International Society for Ecological Economics• An Introduction to Ecological Economics e-book