A nicely illustrated popular-style article in English with a bibliography• 1453: The Holy War for Constantinople and the Clash of Islam and the West | Shaw, S: History of the Ottoman empire and Modern Turkey: I pp |
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An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300—1914 | : Travels through the Morea, Albania, and several other parts of the Ottoman Empire, page 113-114, published 1806• A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility |
van Donzel, Islamic Desk Reference: Compiled from the Encyclopaedia of Islam, Brill Academic Publishers, p 219• Michal Biran, The Chaghadaids and Islam: The Conversion of Tarmashirin Khan 1331-34 , Journal of , Vol.
15Tansey, Gardner's Art Through the Ages, p | Norman Itzkowitz, Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition p |
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Glasse, Cyril, New Encyclopedia of Islam, Rowman Altamira, 2003 , 229 | London University Press, Oxford U |
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.