الحمل الحراري. حل الحمل الحراري هو انتقال الجزيئات من مكان الى اخر حاملة معها طاقتها الحرارية

Physics Department, University of Winnipeg
Kobes, Randy and Kunstatter, Gabor "Finite-frequency tomography reveals a variety of plumes in the mantle"

"Mantle convection with a brittle lithosphere: thoughts on the global tectonic styles of the Earth and Venus".

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عرف الحمل الحراري ثم وضح الفرق بين الحمل الحراري الطبيعي والحمل الحراري القسري
3: Fate of descending slabs"
حمل (فيزياء)
Gerald Schubert, Donald Lawson Turcotte, Peter Olson
الحمل الحراري: الخصائص والأمثلة والتطبيقات
Gerald Schubert, Donald Lawson Turcotte, Peter Olson 2001
Picture showing convection with velocities indicated National Weather Service Western Region Headquarters
Montelli, R; Nolet, G; Dahlen, FA; Masters, G 2004 "Complex shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland"

National Weather Service Forecast Office in.

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الحمل الحراري الطبيعي
"Figure 17 in Lower-mantle material properties and convection models of multiscale plumes"
الحمل الحراري worksheet
Ritsema, J; Van Heijst, HJ; Woodhouse, JH 1999
حمل (فيزياء)
Moresi, Louis; Solomatov, Viatcheslav 1998