| "Muhmmad," Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world• 5, "One major challenge to examining initial contacts between Byzantium and the early Muslim umma arises from the controversy surrounding the traditional Islamic account | |
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| Hitti, History of the Arabs, 10th edition 1970 , p |
The Bustan al-Ukul, by Nathanael ibn al-Fayyumi, edited and translated by David Levine, Columbia University Oriental Studies Vol.
| 597, which notes that many of the details surrounding Muhammad's life as given in the biographies, are "problematic in certain respects, the most important of which is that they represent a tradition of living narrative that is likely to have developed orally for a considerable period before it was given even a relatively fixed written form | Kafih Jerusalem, 1984 , ch |
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| Ideally, one would like to be able to check such accounts against contemporary evidence | sources are not contemporaneous with the events they purport to relate and sometimes were written many centuries later |
Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, Robert G.
6| Lapidus 2002 , pp 0 | These sources contain internal complexities, anachronisms, discrepancies, and contradictions |
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137 Netanel's work was virtually unknown beyond his native Yemen until modern times, so had little influence on later Jewish thought• See, for example, Bowersock, Glen Warren, Peter Robert Lamont Brown and Oleg Grabar Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World 1999, Harvard University Press p.
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