| However, the and add that nothing can be said with certainty about his origin, his ethnicity, his education, or even the dates of his birth and death | Primary source documents and historical texts show that Ahmad Ibn Fadlan was a , an expert in jurisprudence and faith, in the court of the |
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| The women wear neck-rings of gold and silver | The European Other in Medieval Arabic Literature and Culture: Ninth-Twelfth Century AD |
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11| At the meeting with the Bulgar ruler, Ibn Fadlan delivered the caliph's letter, but was criticized for not bringing with him the promised money from the caliph to build a fortress as defense against enemies of the Bulgars | One scholar calls it an "illuminating episode" in the text where Ibn Fadlan expresses his great anger and disgust over the fact that the Khan and the Volga Bulgars in general are practicing some form of imperfect and doctrinally unsound Islam |
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| Consequently, many of the peoples and societies to Ibn Fadlan were "like asses gone astray | All told, the delegation covered some 4000 kilometers 2500 mi |
They have no religious bonds with God, nor do they have recourse to reason".
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